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第6讲 Earthquakes（reading、词汇和阅读）教学历程一、导入1、 让同学们自由讲话四川九寨沟地震时候自己正在干什么，有什么样的感受，有没有人记得08年汶川地震，自己是否对地震有一定的相识，如何防御，如作甚情况掩护孝敬自己的气力。温习：单词和词组默写。

重点单词1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 发作, 突然破裂 2. ruin v.&n. 扑灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）3. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救4. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，预计重点词组1.right away 连忙，马上2.at an end 竣事，终结3.instead of 取代，而不4.tens of thousands of 数以万计的二、知识解说知识点1 重点词汇1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 发作, 突然破裂[典例] 1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 谁人红色的气球突然爆了。2). The police burst through the door. 警员破门而入。3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying. 一听到这则消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy则突然大哭起来。4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song. 歌声竣事后响起了一阵掌声。

[重点用法]burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑 burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭[训练] 中译英1). 水管在严寒的天气里经常冻裂。__________________________________________________________________________________________2). 太阳突然从云端里露出来。__________________________________________________________________________________________谜底: 1).Water-pipes often burst in cold weather. 2). The sun burst through the clouds.2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救[典例] 1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警员来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。

2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake. 营救队在这次地震期间举行了无数次救援。3). Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。[重点用法]rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……..从……营救出来come to/ go to sb's rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队a rescue mission 救援任务 rescue workers 救援人员[训练] 用rescue的适当形式填空1). The mother, along with her two children, _________from the sinking boat by a passing ship.2). The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday. 谜底: 1). has been rescued 2). rescued3. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，预计[典例] 1). His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲已往是一名法官。

2). She's a good judge of wine. 她是判别酒的专家。3). The blind can't judge colors. 瞽者无法判断颜色。4). Don't judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。

[重点用法]judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过……判断……as far as I judge 我认为judging from… 从……来看， 凭据……判断[训练] 用与judge相关的词汇填空1). ______his appearance, he must be a rich man.2). _______ , he must be from the south.谜底: 1). Judging2). In her judgment4. ruin v.&n. 扑灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）[典例] 1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 飓风使这里所有的衡宇成为废墟。2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而就义了前途。

[重点用法]be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 酿成废墟 come to ruin 扑灭，落空 ruin oneself 自我扑灭 bring sb. to ruin 使扑灭[训练] 中译英1). 那修建物已成断壁残垣。__________________________________________________________________________________________2). 那教堂已破败不堪。__________________________________________________________________________________________谜底: 1). The building is in ruins. 2). The church has fallen into ruin. 知识点2 重点短语1. right away 连忙，马上[典例]1).I'll return the book to you right away. 我会马上还书给你。2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away. 如果战争发作，我们将立刻被征召服役。

[短语归纳]"连忙，马上"的表达方式：right away，right now，at once，immediately， in no time[训练] 中译英1). 请连忙把它打印出来。谜底: 1). I want it typed right away, please.2. at an end 竣事，终结（= finished）[典例]1). The war was finally at an end. 战争终于竣事了。[短语归纳]与end搭配的常用短语 at the end of 在……末尾 by the end of 在……末为止in the end 最后，终于 at a loose end 无所事事，处于杂乱状态make ends meet 收支相抵[训练] 用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。

1). How many English words have you learned ____________ last term?2). He became an outstanding doctor ___________.3). My uncle will fly to China _________ this year.谜底: 1). by the end of2). in the end 3). at the end of3. instead of 取代，而不是[典例]1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去事情,虚度着时光。3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday. 她决议星期日而不是星期一脱离这里。

[短语归纳]instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为"取代；相反"。instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的行动，意为"取代、而不……"。

in place of 为介词短语，也是"取代、而不"的意思，表"以甲代乙"，不含比，而instead of则是"用甲不用乙"，除"取代"外，另有对乙作否认的意思，有时意为"不"。take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。

[训练] 单项选择。1). Tractors _____________ horses in many places. A. in place of B. have taken the place of C. instead D. instead of 2). You should be out playing ___________ working indoors all day. A. in spite of B. take the place of C. instead D. instead of谜底:1). B2). D4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的[典例] 1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.[短语归纳]hundreds of数百的 hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的thousands of数千的 millions of数百万的dozens of许多； 大量 scores of 许多； 大量 [训练] 选择填空1). Every year ________ foreign visitors come to China.A. tens of thousands of B. ten thousands ofC. over ten thousands D. thousands upon thousands2). There were ____________ people in the hall.A. two scores of B. scores ofC. two and score D. two scores谜底: 1). A2). B.知识点3 重点句式(1) Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。【句法分析】这句话中的looking for places to hide 是作ran out of the fields 的陪同状况，这是动词的现在分词形式的一个用法。【典型例句】They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，视察着天上的星星。

【训练】 中译英1). 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。__________________________________________________________________________________________2). 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。__________________________________________________________________________________________谜底:1). Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him.2). Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.（2）All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。

【句法分析】All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的学生都知道如何解决个问题。I don't know all of them. 我并不认识他们所有的人。表现"全体"意义的代词、副词或形容 "all, both, every, everybody, always" 等和否认副词not连用时表部门否认, 而"none, neither, nobody, nothing" 等表完全否认。如：Everyone doesn't like the story. = Not everyone likes the story. 并非每小我私家都喜欢这个故事。

【典型例句】Nobody likes the story. 没人喜欢这个故事。Both of the students don't like the story. 并非这两个学生这个故事。Neither of the students likes the story. 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。

【训练】中译英1). 并非这两个学生这个故事。__________________________________________________________________________________________2). 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。

__________________________________________________________________________________________谜底:1). Both of the students don't like the story.2). Neither of the students likes the story.（3）.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都急躁不安，以致不吃食。【句法分析】too...to... 句型表现"太……以至于不能……(表否认)"，可转化为 not...enough to...和 so...that...。The child is too young to dress himself.=The child is not old enough to dress himself.=The child is so young that he can't dress himself.这孩子太小，不能够自己穿衣。提示：(1)当 too后接 easy, ready, happy, willing, eager 或 anxious时，to 后的动词表现肯定。

例如：The book is too easy to understand.这本书太容易明白了。He was too anxious to leave.他急于脱离。(2)too...not to... 句式表现肯定意思。

例如：He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。(3)too...to...中 too前面用了否认词(如 never)时，表现肯定。

例如：It is never too late to mend.悔改不嫌晚。(4)only too...to...表现肯定，其中 too后的形容词多数是表现某种心情的，如 glad, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, determined 等，也有描绘性的形容词，如 good, kind, true等。

例如：The girl is only too kind to help us.这女人很是乐于资助我们。【训练】　Jim is a kind boy. He is ______willing to help his classmates.A．so B．such C．much D．too剖析：too＋glad/pleased/willing...to...表现肯定意义。

如用A项应改为 so...as to才对。谜底：D三、例题精析例题1【题干】课文词汇等填空（旨在温习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等） Before Tangshan earthquake, strange things happened. A 1 (有味道的) gas came out from the cracks of wells and animals became 2 (nerve). At 3:00 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed that the world was at 3 end. In fifteen seconds, a large city lay in 4 (废墟), and the number of people 5 (受伤的) or killed reached more than 400,000. Water, food and 6 (electric) were cut off and the railway tracks were 7 (use) pieces of steel. But all hope was not lost. The rescue team 8 (organize) by the army came to help those 9 (幸存者) and slowly the city began to 10 (呼吸) again.【谜底】1. smelly2. nervous3. an 4. ruins5. injured 6. electricity7. useless8. organized9. survivors10. breathe【剖析】词义辨析，并联合语法对词汇做相应的变形课文大意归纳综合 例题2阅读课文，试着用30来个单词归纳综合课文大意或翻译下面漫笔。这篇文章形貌了地震前的征兆和地震的历程和唐山地震造成的结果。它显示出地震后的骇人的情景和告诉我们怎样才气把地震的危害降到最低。

The article describes _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【谜底】The article describes both the signs before an earthquake and the course and the result of Tangshan earthquake in 1976. It shows us the terrible image of earthquakes and tells us what we should do to minimize the damage by an earthquake.【剖析】旨在训练用30个单词归纳综合大意的能力四 、课堂运用基础1.—Have you heard of D．P.R. Korea's nuclear test?—Yes, ______ news came as ______shock to me.A．the; a B．the; the C．a; a D．a; the【谜底】：A【剖析】：考察冠词。第一空特指上文的消息用 the；第二空用a表现"一个震惊"。2．Before the firemen arrived, the whole wooden building had already been ______ in the big fire.A．injured B．wounded C．damaged D．destroyed【谜底】：D【剖析】：表现"衡宇被烧毁"用 destroy。3．—I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.—You can never be ______ careful in the street.A．much B．very C．so D．too【谜底】：D【剖析】：考察 never...too...表现"再……也不为过；越……越好"。

4．At least 203 miners were killed, 22 ______ and 13 ______ in a coal mine gas explosion on Monday afternoon in Fuxin.A．injuring; trapping B．injured; trapped C．injured; trapping D．injuring; trapped【谜底】：B【剖析】：考察已往分词。两空都与 were killed并列，故填已往分词形式。5.______ the way he laughed as he told it, it was meant to be humorous.A．Judged from B．Having judged from C．Judging from D．After having judged from【谜底】：C【剖析】：judging from为牢固用法，"从……判断"的意思牢固6．Her books were all over the dining table, ______ meant we had to eat in the kitchen.A．which B．what C．that D．it【谜底】：A【剖析】：考察定语从句。语意为：她的书摆满了餐桌，这就意味着我们必须在厨房用饭了。

which引导的是非限制性定语从句，取代主句所表达的整个内容。故选A项。7．When a boy with dirty spots on the face came in, people present all burst ______ laughing while he burst ______ tears.A．into; in B．into; out C．out; into D．out; in【谜底】：C【剖析】：考察牢固搭配。句意：当一个满脸脏兮兮的男孩进来时，在场的人都笑起来，而他却哭起来。

burst out laughing表现"突然大笑起来"，burst into tears表现"突然大哭起来"，都是牢固搭配。8．His head was ______ in the book he was reading.A．devoted B．addicted C．buried D．absorbed【谜底】：C【剖析】：bury oneself/one's head in"笃志于，专心于"。

be addicted to＝be devoted to＝be absorbed in"专心于"，其主语皆为人。9．This year an increased number of drivers ______ for driving after drinking.A．have punished B．have been punished C．has punished D．has been punished【谜底】：B【剖析】："a number of＋复数名词"做主语时，谓语动词用复数，此句中应用被动语态。

10．The tsunami killed ______ people in South and Southeast Asia.A．ten thousands B．ten thousands of C．tens of thousand D．tens of thousands of【谜底】：D【剖析】：tens of thousands of 意为"数以万计的"。拔高11.课文佳句背诵与仿写【原句】But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 可是，唐山市的一百万住民险些都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。

[模拟要点] 句子结构：由which引导的非限制性定语从句【模拟1】李宇春现象逾越了她的声音，纵然最狂热歌迷们也认可她的声音是很是弱的。____________________________________________________________________________________________【谜底】：The Li Yuchun phenomenon, however, goes far beyond her voice, which even the most ardent fans admit is pretty weak.【模拟2】据报道，心脏病和癌症成了中年人的头号杀手，这给我们敲响了警钟。

____________________________________________________________________________________________【谜底】：It is reported that heart disease and cancer are now the top killers of middle-aged people in China, which give us a warming. 课堂小结 本节课主要学习了必修1 unit4课文内容基础知识，重点是本单元的词汇、短语和句型，同时举行针对性训练，训练解题思路。强化了本单元的重点词汇短语和句型的明白，通过本节课的学习，对本单元的基础知识的明白进一步加深，并能够在考试中运用自如。课后作业基础Ⅰ.单词拼写1．________________(祝贺) to you on your winning the contest.2．Thousands of people died in the __________(灾难)．3．His sudden death was a great _________ (震惊) to his family.4．He was one of the ________(评判员) at the boxing match.5．The car was ___________(陷入) in the mud and couldn't get out.6．The firemen r__________ three women from the burning house.7．They are in desperate need of food, clothing and s_____________.8．Don't leave the lights on—it wastes e___________9．The miners were b___________ alive when the tunnel collapsed.10．He was too nevous to e__________ himself in front of the girl.【谜底】：Congratulations；disaster；shock；judges；trapped；rescued；shelter；electricity；buried；expressⅡ .单项选择1．There seems ______something wrong with the car. I can't start it.A．as if B．that C．to be D．to have【谜底】：C【剖析】：考察 seem的用法，用在 there be句型中，故用 There seems to be...2．He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got worse.A．until B．when C．before D．as【谜底】：C【剖析】：考察 before 引导时间状语从句。

3．On Christmas Eve, the English evening ______ singing the song The Unforgettable Tonight.A．came up B．drew up C．ran up D．ended up【谜底】:D【剖析】：考察动词词组辨析。come up"泛起，发生"；draw up"起草"；run up"积欠(债务等)"；end up"竣事"。语意：圣诞前夜，英语晚会以歌曲《难忘今宵》竣事。

因此，D项正确。4．______ he is doing an operation on the patient; please don't disturb him.A．Right away B．Right now C．In no time D．At once【谜底】：B【剖析】：四个短语都有"立刻，马上"之意，但right now另有"现在，此时现在"之意。句意为：他现在正在给病人做手术，请不要打扰他。

5．We can't have lunch at the restaurant, because ______.A．all of us don't have money B．not all of us have money C．everyone of us don't have money D．none of us has money【谜底】：D【剖析】：考察部门否认与全部否认。A、B、C均为部门否认，D项为全部否认，据题意选D。

牢固课文佳句背诵与仿写【原句】It was a city whose hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. 所有的师内医院，75%的工厂和修建物，90%的家园都消失了。[模拟要点] 句子结构：数字+of which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句【模拟1】从七月上旬开始, 20天的干旱和高温 袭击了重庆的人们, 其中50% 的人们处于严重缺水状态。____________________________________________________________________________________________【谜底】：More than 20 days of drought and high temperatures since early July have hit the population of Chongqin, 50% of whom are in a state of a severe lack of water.【模拟2】到场奥运会祥瑞物竞选的到场者有662人，其中611人来自中国大陆，12人来自香港，澳门和台湾，39人来自外洋。

____________________________________________________________________________________________【谜底】：There were 662 people who competed in the selection of Olympic mascots, of whom 611 were from the Chinese mainland, 12 from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and 39 from abroad.拔高阅读明白ALast year, I lived in Chile for half a year. I lived with a Chilean family and had the responsibilities of any Chilean teenager. I had good days and bad days I didn't understand.Chuquicamata, my host community, is a mining camp. When I arrived there, I was scared. It was so different from what I was used to. There were lots of dogs on the streets, and there was no downtown, few smoothly paved streets, and little to do for entertainment. Rain was not seen very often; earthquakes and windstorms were frequent.I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class. But in my first week in Chile I was only able to communicate and needed one person to whom I could explain my shock. I couldn't speak the thoughts in my head and there were so many.Most exchange students experience this like me. Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression towards the people to lack of appetite (食欲). I was required to overcome all the difficulties.As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food. I got used to not depending on expensive things for fun. Fun in Chuquicamata was being with people. And I took math, physics, chemistry, biology, Spanish, art, and philosophy.But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain. I learned how to accept and to succeed in another culture. I now have a deeper understanding of both myself and others.1. The author went to Chile last year with the purpose of ______.A. paying a visit to Chile as a tourist B. experiencing Chilean life as a teacherC. studying Chilean culture as a college studentD. studying knowledge as an exchange student【谜底及剖析】：1. D。细节明白题。综合第三段的"I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class."和第四段的"Most exchange students experience this like me."可判断作者是一名交流生。

2. On arriving in Chile, why did the author feel frightened?A. Because he did not know how to get along with the local people.B. Because it was full of dangers like earthquakes and windstorms.C. Because its living conditions were worse than what he was used to.D. Because it was not convenient for him to shop there.【谜底及剖析】：2．C。细节明白题。

文章第二段提到："It was so different from what I was used to." 再从街道情况、购物情况、娱乐设施、自然条件等方面形貌智利比力差的生活条件，由此可知作者是因为智利生活条件比他原先习惯的生活差许多而发生恐惧心理。3. In the first week in Chile the author ______.A. was not used to eating Chilean foodB. had some friends to have a chat withC. couldn't communicate with peopleD. couldn't express his thoughts in English【谜底及剖析】：3．A。细节明白题。

来到智利的第一周，作者还在蒙受着culture shock 的痛苦，综合第四段"Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression towards the people to lack of appetite (食欲)．"和第五段的"As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food." 可判断，不习惯智利的饮食是作者来到智利的第一周泛起的。4. What did the author most probably think of his life in Chile?A. Wonderful and worthwhile.B. Difficult but meaningful.C. Difficult and meaningless.D. Boring and disappointing.【谜底及剖析】：4．B。

推理判断题。综合第四段的"I was required to overcome all the difficulties."和最后一段"But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain."可知，作者最有可能会认为自己在智利的生活不容易， 但只管如此还是很有意义的，因为它让作者学到了许多工具。

5. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Chile is true?A. Its official language is Spanish and English.B. It is a developing country without foreign students.C. It seldom rains and natural disasters often happen.D. Most Chileans are not friendly to foreigners.【谜底及剖析】：5．C。细节明白题。凭据第二段的"Rain was not seen very often; earthquakes and windstorms were frequent." 可判断C项正确。BIt seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services. Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, has also announced he is planning to make some changes in our health service.The crux of Mr Brown's proposals is related to giving the NHS (National Health Service) a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases such as heart disease, strokes, and cancer, for example, breast cancer. In Britain there are 200 000 deaths a year from heart attacks and strokes, many of which might have been avoided if the condition had been known about.Initially, the diagnostic (诊断的) tests will be available for those who are vulnerable,or most likely to have the disease. One example is a plan to offer all men over 65 an ultrasound test to check for problems with the main artery (动脉), a condition which kills 3 000 men a year.The opposition have criticized Mr Brown's proposals, saying that they are just a trick, and claiming that there is no proper timetable for the changes. They also say that Mr Brown is reducing the money available for the treatment of certain conditions while putting more money towards testing for them.The NHS was founded in 1948, and is paid for by taxation. The idea is that the rich pay more towards the health service than the poor. However in recent years there has been a great increase in the use of private healthcare, because it's much quicker. NHS waiting lists for operations can be very long, so many people who can afford it choose to pay for medical care themselves.6. The underlined word "vulnerable" in the fourth paragraph probably means ______.A. sick B. weak C. wounded D. old【谜底及剖析】：6．B。

词义推测题。凭据其后一句or most likely to have the disease可知此处为"体弱者"。

7. All the following statements are true EXCEPT that ______.A. all people should pay for their healthcare at the NHSB. some people are against the reform of the healthcareC. the writer is likely to come from BritainD. more money will be spent on testing people than before【谜底及剖析】：7．A。细节明白题。

凭据文章最后一段可知，能够肩负得起用度的人们经常自己花钱去看病，这也就是说人们原来可以不用花钱的。故选项A不正确，为谜底。选项B凭据文章倒数第二段可知，阻挡党对这个建议举行了批判；选项C凭据文章第一段最后一句可知；选项D凭据文章倒数第二段最后一句可反推出来。

8. Which of the following is the reason for the increasing private healthcare?A. People are paying more attention to their own health.B. People are well－off enough to pay their healthcare.C. The NHS was not available for most of the people.D. It's not so convenient for people to go to the NHS for their healthcare.【谜底及剖析】：8．D。细节明白题。

凭据文章最后一段可知，人们自己掏钱看病的原因是因为在NHS的等候时间太长，所以对人们来说不利便，故谜底为D。9. According to the passage, the purpose of the health reform plan in the UK is to ______.A. encourage more private healthcareB. focus on the prevention rather than on curing the patientC. deal with the main artery problemsD. fight against the opposition in the UK【谜底及剖析】：9．B。

细节明白题。凭据文章第二段可知。10. The author of this passage intends to tell us ______.A. the NHS should be reformed right awayB. more and more people are dying from diseasesC. the plan to reform the NHS in the UKD. the criticism of Mr Brown's proposals【谜底及剖析】：10．C。主旨大意题。

凭据文章第一段最后一句可知。事实上，本文作者重点先容了英国的医疗革新计划，文章大量篇幅都在说明英国的医疗状况。

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